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Autumn 2006, vol 4 no 3
The Heart in Season: Sampling the Gendai Haiku Non-season Muki Saijiki[1]
Translators: Yūki Itō, Tomoko Murase, Ayaka Nishikawa, Tomoko Takaki
Compiler and editor: Richard Gilbert
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Preface by Yūki Itō, with Richard Gilbert
About a decade ago, Tohta Kaneko wrote An Introduction to Haiku,[2] an illuminating presentation of haiku culture. Within, two main attitudes toward seasonal themes (kidai) or seasonal keywords (kigo) are discussed: the divergent approaches typified by Bashō and Issa. Bashō's attitude
toward kidai tends toward idealism, while Issa takes an approach related with realism. These two
attitudes to seasonal themes or keywords continue today. Bashō
lived like a traveling hermit and pursued deep philosophical thought, while Issa lived a penniless life among the masses. Bashō comes from the samurai class, while Issa hails from the farmer or peasant class. Bashō celebrates a penniless life because such a lifestyle finds sympathy with the renunciation of desire. Issa,
on the other hand, felt that such a glorification of poverty was based on the
stable status of the samurai class, and that Bashō
did not know real poverty. We might say that Bashō
is an illuminating philosopher, but he has a certain strain of idealism (“a
thing useless for daily life is beautiful” is a Bashō
aphorism), where Issa is more the realist. These two haiku poets' philosophies and attitudes toward seasonal keywords are strikingly different.
Before discussing this
point further, it seems useful to clarify some of the technical terms used.
From a philological point of view, the term "haiku" did not exist
in the Edo period (from circa 1600). Following the Meiji
revolution (1868) Japan was introduced to Western technology, philosophy,
etc., and was strongly influenced by Western art movements (e.g. Romanticism,
Impressionism). Shiki Masaoka (1867-1902) refined
and developed the hokku or haikai
into "haiku," coining the new term, and made “haiku” independent
from the hokku tradition (the first stanza of a renga). After haiku became a fully independent genre, the
term "kigo" was coined by Otsuzi Ōsuga (1881-1920)
in 1908. "Kigo" is thus a new term for
the new genre approach of "haiku." So, when we are looking
historically at hokku or haikai
stemming from the renga tradition, it seems best to
use the term "kidai." Although the term
"kidai" is itself new—coined by Hekigotō Kawahigashi in
1907! When discussing Bashō and Issa, the term "kidai"
is best applied, because both of these authors’ works are in the tradition of
hokku. It is this term which Tohta
Kaneko uses throughout An Introduction to Haiku.
Returning to Bashō and Issa, Bashō regards kidai as a
way to commune with the creative power of nature (zōke).
Bashō does not regard kidai
as a rule, but rather as a word or keyword establishing a relationship with kokoro (heart, mind). Kaneko Tohta
paraphrases: "Bashō said to his
disciples, 'find kidai for yourself. If you are
unable to do this, you cannot become a good haikaishi
(haiku poet).'" Importantly, this is not because kidai
is primary in itself, but rather that without finding an expression of
language which unites Self with zōke, one
cannot achieve a deep sense of heart (i.e. knowing). Basho also has said,
"Even if the word is not traditional kidai, in
the case that the word has enough quality to be kidai,
do choose it and use it. When you find a new kidai,
it will be a great gift for the next generation" (Kyoraishō).
The Muki Saijiki[3] compiles these types of words as muki-kigo for the first time.
In contrast to Bashō, Issa regards kidai as language arising from daily life. For example, Issa regards snow—one of the four prototypical season‑symbols
of "most beautiful things" in Japanese poetry and cultural
tradition—as distasteful, as snow is related with the terrible hardships he
faced in his northern homeland. We see that, contrastively, Issa treats small insects and animals as kidai in a strongly compassionate manner (against the
primary locus of the tradition). Insects are companions in daily life. So, Issa sought kidai from daily
living, while Bashō sought kidai
primarily from the essential phenomenology of kokoro.
In this regard, Tohta Kaneko discusses two types of
kokoro. One is the "solitary thinker's
heart," written as 心 (kokoro). Another is "compassionate
heart," written as 情 (furari-gokoro). This difference had vanished by
the end of the Edo period, but existed when Bashō
and Issa lived. Tohta
Kaneko continues (to paraphrase) that "Bashō
is a pursuer of the 'solitary thinker's heart,' while Issa
is an impoverished person with a 'compassionate heart.' Issa
exemplifies futari-gokoro in his use of kidai."
In Issa’s
philosophy, based to a large extent on daily life, we note that the horse and
dog are close and constant companions. It seems precisely due to this close
and constant relationship that neither of these animal species appears in any
previous saijiki. The Muki
Saijiki contains hundreds of similar examples.
In fact, none of the terms in the Muki Saijiki are generally found in regular saijiki.
Organization
A traditional saijiki normally has seven sections: jikō (time and season), tenmon
(natural phenomena), chiri (geography), seikatsu (daily life), gyōji
(seasonal events), dōbutsu (animals),
and shokubutsu (plants). Sometimes, two
sections are combined into one section; in such a case, the saijiki will have six sections. This present muki saijiki also
has six sections; however, there are no jikō
or gyōji sections, because the Muki Saijiki is
not concerned with "season." Alternatively, the editorial committee
has created new sections: ningen (human) and
bunka (culture), as contemporary haiku tends
to treat themes which are related with human society. This innovative choice
of categories is an epoch-making event in the
history of the saijiki.
In the listings below
there are three levels of category: The top level is represented by the six
overarching subjects mentioned just above. Below this level are the main
topical categories (the number "2" is placed before these terms,
and they are indicated in 'title boldface'). Example haiku may accompany
these second‑level terms, but most of the muki‑kigo
are at the third, finest level of resolution. Usage of the muki‑kigo is usually literal (the word appears in
the haiku); however, this third level of words harbors a sense of figuration.
In some examples, a haiku associated with a group of figurations may contain
an inference to one of the muki‑kigo, though
the orthography (actual word) does not appear. As well, there may be muki‑kigo given, with no example haiku to exemplify
it. In such cases sense must follow sensibility—an additional aspect of
figuration, related to the future of gendai haiku.
In the 30 pages of text
that follow are nearly 1000 muki‑kigo terms.
Many of these have several variant meanings or significances—this effort
points to the scale necessary for a useful saijiki.
This single volume is complimented by four additional volumes of roughly
equal size, one for each of the four seasons. The five volumes make up the
complete saijiki of the Modern Haiku Association.
[1]Gendai haiku saijiki
(5 vols.) Tokyo: Gendai Haiku Kyôkai [Modern Haiku Association], June 2004.
[2] Except where cited, all
materials in this Preface relating to kidai and kigo were taken from haiku nyūmon
[Introduction to Haiku], Tokyo:
Jitsugyo no Nihonsha, 1997, pp. 196-217, translated
by Yūki Itō and
Richard Gilbert.
[3] For additional muki saijiki and
other kigo resources by the authors, please visit
our kigo page
[www.iyume.com/research/kigo.html].
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Table of Contents
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JP.
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ENGLISH
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JP.
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ENGLISH
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天文
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1 NATURAL PHENOMENA
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夕日
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3 setting sun
/ evening sun
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空
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2 Sky, Air,
Heaven, Vacancy
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夕陽
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3 evening sun
/ setting sun
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青空
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3 blue sky
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落日
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3 setting of
the sun / setting sun
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大空
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3 (blue) vault of heaven / firmament / arch of sky /
spherical, concave
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落暉
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3 sunset /
setting sun / evening sun
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天
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3 heaven /
sky / sphere / upper region / head, edge / head of page
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星
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2 Stars
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天体
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3
astronomic(al)
object, celestial globe, heavenly body, luminary
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星座
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3
constellation
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天空
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3
airy region / expanse / firmament / sphere
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恒星
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3
fixed star
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天心
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3 the center
of heaven / the center of sky
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惑星
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3
planet
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宇宙
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3
absolute / cosmos / heaven and earth / world
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彗星
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3
comet
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空間
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3
interspace / interval / open space / room /
vacancy / vacuity / void
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大熊座
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3
The Great Bear / the Big Dipper / Ursa Major / the
Plow
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地球
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2 Blue Planet, Earth, Globe
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カシオペア
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3
Cassiopeia
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南極
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3
South Pole / negative pole / south geographic pole
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蝕
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2 Eclipse
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北極
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3
North Pole / north geographic pole / north-seeking pole / positive pole
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日食
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3
solar eclipse
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緯度
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3
degrees of latitude / terrestrial latitude
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月食
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3
lunar eclipse
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経度
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3
longitude
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宇宙船
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2 Spaceship, Starship,
Rocket Ship
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日付変更線
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3
International Date Line
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人工衛星
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3
satellite / artificial satellite
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太陽
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2 The Sun
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宇宙旅行
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3
space travel / space voyage
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日輪
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3 sun disk
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雲
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2 Cloud, The Clouds
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烈日
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3 the burning
sun
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浮雲
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3
floating cloud / drifting cloud
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朝日
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3 morning sun
/ rising sun
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白雲
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3
white cloud
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旭日
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3 risen sun
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飛行機雲
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3
contrail / vapor trail / condensation
/ trail / streamer
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天文 NATURAL PHENOMENA (continued)
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JP.
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ENGLISH
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JP.
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ENGLISH
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風
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2 Wind, Air Current(s)
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闇
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2 Darkness,
The Dark
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海風
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3
sea breeze / wind from the sea
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暗い
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3
dark
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陸風
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3
land breeze / land wind
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冥い
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3
dark
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微風
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3
breeze
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暗がり
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3
dark place
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疾風
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3
blast / strong wind
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暗闇
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3
darkness
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雨
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2 Rain
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夜陰
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3 the
darkness of the night
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雨脚
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3
manner of raining / wisp of rain
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時間
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2 Time
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長雨
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3
continual rain / long spell of rain
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光陰
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3
days / day and night
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大雨
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3
heavy rain / downpour
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星霜
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3
years
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通り雨
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3
passing rain / shower
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世紀
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3
century
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にわか雨
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3
sudden shower
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白亜紀
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3
the Cretaceous period
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涙雨
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3
sprinkling rain / weeping rain
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五十億年
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3
five billion years
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酸性雨
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3
acid rain
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未来
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2 Future
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日溜り
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2 Sunny Place, Sunny and Warm Place
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年
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2 Year
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光
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2 Light
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歳月
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3
years
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閃光
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3
flash / gleam / glint of light
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年月
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3
years and months
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発光
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3
emission of light / luminescence
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四季
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3
the four seasons
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光芒
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3
shaft of light / beam of light
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季節
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3
season
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微光
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3
glimmer
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平年
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3
common year
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極光
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3
aurora
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閏年
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3
intercalary year / leap year
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反射光
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3
reflected light
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カレンダー
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3
calendar
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影
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2 Shadow
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暦
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3
calendar
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影法師
|
human
shadow / silhouette
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万歳
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3
many years / longevity / prospering for a long time
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天文 NATURAL PHENOMENA (continued)
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JP.
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ENGLISH
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JP.
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ENGLISH
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月日
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2 Days, Days
and Months
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夕暮れ
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2 Evening, Dusk
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週
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3
week
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夕
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3
evening
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曜日
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3
the day of the week
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夕方
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3
evening
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昨日
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3
yesterday
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黄昏
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3
dusk / twilight
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今日
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3
today
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日暮れ
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3
sunset
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明日
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3
tomorrow
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夕闇
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3
evening gloom / film of early twilight / shadows of dusk
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時代
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2 Era,
Period, Age, Epoch, Time
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薄暮
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3 evening
gloom
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明治
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3
Meiji era
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暮れ六つ
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3 six in the
evening / 6 p.m.
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大正
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3
Taisho era
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夜
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2 Night
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昭和
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3
Showa era
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夜間
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3 nighttime /
during the night
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平成
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3
Heisei era
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深夜
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3 middle of
the night
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戦前
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3
before the war / prewar
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真夜中
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3 midnight / middle of the night
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戦後
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3
postwar / after World War II
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午前零時
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3 midnight / 12
a.m.
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朝
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2 Morning
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夜更け
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3 late at
night / middle of the night
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暁
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3 dawn / daybreak
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深更
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3 middle of
the night
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夜明け
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3
dawn / daybreak
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方位
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2 Direction,
Azimuth, Bearing
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明け六つ
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3
six in the morning
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方角
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3
bearing / direction
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午前
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3 before noon / forenoon /
morning
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東西南北
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3 north,
south, east and west /
four cardinal
directions / four points of the compass
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昼
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2 Daytime
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鬼門
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3 demon's
gate / the quarter lying to the northeast of one’s position, superstitiously
believed to be unlucky / northeast
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正午
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3
noon / midday
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恵方
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3
lucky direction
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午後
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3
afternoon
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距離
|
2 Distance
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白日
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3
the bright sun / broad daylight
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一里塚
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3
milestone / milepost
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地理 GEOGRAPHY
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JP.
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ENGLISH
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JP.
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ENGLISH
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地理
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1 GEOGRAPHY
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原野
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3 an
uncultivated field/a plain/wasteland/a wilderness
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陸
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2 Land
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ツンドラ
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2 Tundra
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大陸
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3 continent /
mainland / terra firma
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地震
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2
Earthquake(shock), Earth tremor
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大地
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3 firm ground
/ mother earth / terra firma/ terrestrial mass
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砂漠
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2 Desert
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地平線
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3 celestial
horizon / horizon / horizon line / skyline
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山
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2 Mountain, Peak, Hill
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平野
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3 plain /
plain field
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山脈
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3 a mountain
range / a mountain chain
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荒野
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3 heath /
wild land / wilderness / cant / declination /
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山岳
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3 mountains
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傾斜
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3 dip /
drop-off / grade / gradient / heeling / inclination / lean / pitch / skew /
slant / slope / tilt
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裏山
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3 a hill in
back of one’s house
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土
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2
Clay, Clod, Dirt, Earth
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峠
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3 the highest
point on a mountain road / mountain pass
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地
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3 earth /
ground
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崖
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3 precipice /
cliff / bluff
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土地
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3 climate /
country / estate / ground / land / land lot / place / premises / terrene /
white land
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雑木林
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3 thicket /
copse/ coppice
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田
|
3 paddy field
/ rice field
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未踏峰
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3 unclimbed
mountain / untrodden peak
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荒田
|
3 abandoned
field / /rough field
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山畑
|
3 a mountain
field
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土埃
|
3 dust cloud
/ dirt / dust / fog / mote
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火山
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2
A volcano
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休耕田
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3 a fallow
field / a field lying fallow
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火口
|
3 (volcanic)
crater / a caldera (over 1km)
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森
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2
A Wood, Woods, Grove, Forest
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火砕流
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3 pyroclastic flow / stream of heated rocks and volcanic
ash
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杜
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3 woods / a
shrine (sacred) forest
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噴火
|
3 an eruption
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林
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3 a grove / a
small wood/ a copse
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噴煙
|
3 smoke
(fumes) of a volcano (rising from a crater) / volcanic fumes
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森林
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3 a forest /
deep woods
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谷
|
2
Valley, Pressure trough
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草原
|
2
Grass-covered Plain, Grasslands,
Steppes, Savanna, The Pampas
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渓谷
|
3 ravine/ a
gorge
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野原
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3 a field / a
plain
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谷間
|
3 glen /
hollow / quebrada / valley / defile / cove / swale
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大草原
|
3 campo /
pampas / prairie / steppe
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山峡
|
3 a gorge
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地理 GEOGRAPHY
(continued)
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JP.
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ENGLISH
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JP.
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ENGLISH
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谺
|
2
An echo
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ダム湖
|
3 a dammed
lake
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山彦
|
3 an echo (in
the mountains)
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湖上
|
3 on the lake
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石
|
2
A Stone, Pebble, Rock
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湖底
|
3 the bottom
of a lake
|
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岩石
|
3 a rock /
stones and rocks
|
湖水
|
3 a lake /
lake water
|
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岩
|
3 a rock / a
crag
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澪標
|
2 Wooden
poles set in the water to guide boats , a deep‑water channel
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岩いわお
|
3 a rock (especially,
rough and pointing sharply to the sky)
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潮
|
2 The tide,
A current
|
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巌いわ
|
3 a large
rock / boulder
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汐
|
3 the tide
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山河
|
2
Mountains and Rivers
|
干潮
|
3 ebb tide/
low tide
|
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河川
|
2 Rivers
|
引き潮
|
3 an ebb tide
/ (begin to ebb)
|
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川
|
3 (a small) river
/ stream
|
満潮
|
3 high water /
a high tide/ a full (flood) tide
|
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河
|
3 (a large)
river
|
満ち潮
|
3 a high tide
/ (sim. to 満潮, but a softer
impression)
|
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水源
|
3 the source
(headwaters) of a river / fountainhead
|
潮騒
|
3 the sound
(booming, roar) of the sea/ the pounding of the waves/
|
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せせらぎ
|
3 small stream/
brook/ runnel / a rivulet/ a shallows
|
海潮音
|
3 the sound
of waves and the sea
|
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小川
|
3 a (small)
stream / creek / brook / a rivulet
|
湾流
|
3 bay current
|
|
谷川
|
3 a mountain
stream (torrent)
|
海
|
2 The Sea, The
Ocean
|
|
急流
|
3 a
fast-flowing (rapid, swift) stream/ a fast (swift) current / rapids/ a
torrent
|
海洋
|
3 the sea /
the ocean
|
|
伏流水
|
3 riverbed
water / artesian water
|
大海
|
3 the ocean /
a wide expanse of sea
|
|
水たまり
|
3 a pool / a
puddle
|
深海
|
3 ocean deeps
/ an abyss
|
|
湖沼
|
2
Lakes, Marshes
|
水平線
|
3 the horizon
|
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湖
|
3 a lake
|
|
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沼
|
3 a marsh / a
swamp / a bog / a tarn
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地理 GEOGRAPHY
(continued)
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JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
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波
|
2 A wave, Billow, Swell,
Surf, A Breaker
|
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大波
|
3 a billow /
a great wave of the sea / a boomer / a roller / a swell / a surge
|
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小波
|
3 a small
wave
|
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白波
|
3 white‑(foam)-crested
wave(s) / foaming (white capped) breakers / whitecaps
|
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荒波
|
3 raging
waves / rough waters / heavy seas
|
|
波頭
|
3 the crest
of a wave
|
|
波涛
|
3 billows /
surges
|
|
沖
|
3 offshore /
out at sea
|
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磯
|
2 A beach, A shore, The seashore
|
|
渚
|
3 the beach /
the shore
|
|
海岸線
|
3 the
coastline / shore line / seaboard / a coastal railroad
|
|
砂
|
2 Sand, Grit,
A Grain of Sand
|
|
砂浜
|
3 a sandy
beach / the sands
|
|
砂丘
|
3 a sand dune
/ a sand hill
|
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岬
|
2 A Cape, Promontory,
Headland, Spit of Land
|
|
半島
|
3 a peninsula
|
|
島
|
3 an island /
an isle / an islet
|
|
日本の地名
|
2 Place
names of Japan
|
|
外国の地名
|
2 Overseas Place names
|
人間 HUMAN
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
人間
|
1 HUMAN
|
誕生
|
2 Birth
|
|
人間
|
2 Human Being
|
産声
|
3 initial cry
|
|
人
|
3 person
|
産湯
|
3 first birth
|
|
--
|
3 Homo
sapiens (ホモサピエンス)
|
産着
|
3 baby
clothes
|
|
男女
|
2 Man and Woman
|
誕生日
|
3 birthday
|
|
男
|
3 man
|
生誕
|
3 nativity
|
|
女
|
3 woman
|
赤子
|
2 Baby
|
|
処女
|
3 virgin
|
赤ん坊
|
3 babe
|
|
私
|
2 Self
|
嬰児
|
3 nursling
|
|
わたし
|
3 I (neutral
speech)
|
3幼児
|
3 kid
|
|
僕
|
3 I (male
speech)
|
乳児
|
3 infant
|
|
人名
|
2 Personal Name
|
胎児
|
3 fetus
|
|
姓名
|
3 name
|
少年 少女
|
2 Boy * Girl
|
|
名前
|
3 someone's
name
|
少年期
|
3 boyhood
|
|
人名
|
2 To Live
|
少女期
|
3 girlhood
|
|
生きる
|
2 Human Life
|
美童
|
3 pretty boy
|
|
人生
|
3 course of
life
|
美少女
|
3 pretty girl
|
|
一生
|
3 lifetime
|
童女
|
3 little girl
|
|
半生
|
3 half a life
|
青年
|
2 Young Man
or Woman
|
|
生死
|
3 life and
death
|
青春
|
3 youth
|
|
|
青春期
|
3 adolescence
|
人間 HUMAN (continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
結婚
|
2 Marriage
|
翁
|
3 grandsire
|
|
婚礼
|
3 nuptials
|
媼
|
3 beldam
|
|
結婚式
|
3 wedding
ceremony
|
還暦
|
3 kanreki (end
of the traditional 60‑year cycle)
|
|
花婿
|
3 bridegroom
|
長生き
|
3 longevity
|
|
花嫁
|
3 bride
|
長命
|
3 length of
one’s days
|
|
仲人
|
3 go-between
|
晩年
|
3 evening of
life, last days
|
|
介添人
|
3 bridesmaid
|
死
|
2 Death
|
|
結納
|
3 betrothal
gift
|
死ぬ
|
3 to die
|
|
披露宴
|
3 wedding
reception
|
死亡
|
3 demise /
mortality
|
|
独り者
|
2 Unmarried
person
|
大往生
|
3 die a calm
death
|
|
独身
|
3 being
single (bachelorhood, spinsterhood)
|
他界
|
3 pass away
|
|
出産
|
2
Childbearing
|
永眠
|
3 one's final
rest
|
|
妊娠
|
3 pregnancy
|
身罷る
|
3 expire
|
|
受胎
|
3 conception
|
後の世
|
3 afterworld
|
|
身籠る
|
3 gestate /
gestation
|
臨終
|
3 dying
breath / deathbed
|
|
悪阻
|
3 morning
sickness
|
死に水
|
3 wet a dying
person’s mouth / attend someone’s deathbed
|
|
分娩
|
3 delivery
|
死者
|
3 dead
|
|
中年
|
2 Middle
age
|
死体
|
3 dead body
|
|
更年期
|
3 climacteric
|
遺体
|
3 deceased
|
|
老年
|
2 Old age
|
遺言
|
2 Last will
|
|
老い
|
3 aging
|
遺言状
|
3 last will
and testament
|
|
老人
|
3 elder
person
|
遺書
|
3 farewell
note
|
|
年寄り
|
3 oldster
|
葬式
|
2 Funeral
|
|
老爺
|
3 old man
|
葬儀
|
3 funeral
ceremony / funeral service
|
|
老婆
|
3 old woman
|
喪
|
3 mourning
|
|
|
鯨幕
|
3 kujiramaku
(funeral curtain)
|
人間 HUMAN (continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
遺影
|
2 Portrait
of the Deceased
|
頭脳
|
3 grey matter
/ brains / intellectual power
|
|
棺
|
2 Coffin
|
右脳
|
3 right brain
|
|
柩
|
3 casket
|
左脳
|
3 left brain
|
|
棺
|
3 coffin
|
大脳
|
3 cerebrum
|
|
納棺
|
3 place in a
coffin
|
小脳
|
3 cerebellum
|
|
出棺
|
3 funeral
cortege
|
耳
|
2 Ear
|
|
葬る
|
3 entomb
|
耳朶
|
3 ear lobule
|
|
火葬
|
3 cremation
|
耳たぶ
|
3 ear lobe
|
|
鳥葬
|
3 sky burial
|
福耳
|
3 big ear
lobes
|
|
土葬
|
3 burial
|
外耳
|
3 external
ear
|
|
埋葬
|
3 sepulcher
|
内耳
|
3 internal
ear
|
|
水葬
|
3 burial at
sea
|
地獄耳
|
3 sharp ear
|
|
埋葬書
|
3 burial
document
|
顔
|
2 Face
|
|
墓
|
2 Tomb
|
貌
|
3 visage
|
|
墓石
|
3 tombstone
|
素顔
|
3 natural
face
|
|
墓標
|
3 grave post
|
童顔
|
3 baby face
|
|
墓地
|
3 cemetery
|
丸顔
|
3 moon face
|
|
霊園
|
3 grave yard
|
馬面
|
3 horsy face
|
|
身体
|
2 Body,
Corporeity, Frame
|
紅顔
|
3 red face
|
|
身体
|
3 body
|
目
|
2 Eye
|
|
体
|
3 body
|
まなこ
|
3 ocular
|
|
身
|
3 flesh
|
瞳
|
3 pupil
|
|
肉体
|
3 flesh and
blood / corporeality
|
眸
|
3 pupilla
|
|
女体
|
2 Body
(frame) of woman
|
目玉
|
3 eye ball
|
|
女身
|
3 female body
|
眼球
|
3 globe of
eye
|
|
頭
|
2 Head
|
両目
|
3 both eyes
|
|
こうべ
|
3 crown
|
両眼
|
3 binocular
|
|
脳
|
2 Brain
|
瞼
|
3 eyelid
|
|
脳味噌
|
3 encephalon
|
|
人間 HUMAN (continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
鼻
|
2 Nose
|
首
|
2 Neck
|
|
鼻梁
|
3 nasal
bridge
|
うなじ
|
3 nape
|
|
鼻筋
|
3 ridge of
the nose
|
首筋
|
3 scruff
|
|
鼻孔
|
3 nostril
|
顎
|
2 Jaw
|
|
鼻の穴
|
3 nasal
chamber
|
おとがい
|
3 chin
|
|
鼻先
|
3 before
someone's nose
|
上顎
|
3 upper jaw
|
|
口
|
2 Mouth
|
下顎
|
3 under jaw
|
|
口腔
|
3 oral cavity
|
喉
|
2 Throat
|
|
口元
|
3 around
mouth
|
咽喉
|
3 throat
region
|
|
唇
|
2 Lip
|
喉仏
|
3 Adam's
apple
|
|
舌
|
2 Tongue
|
喉元
|
3 neck
|
|
べろ
|
3 tongue
|
毛
|
2 Hair
|
|
巻き舌
|
3 rolling
one's tongue
|
髪
|
3 head hair
|
|
二枚舌
|
3 forked
tongue
|
頭髪
|
3 chevelure
(French: head of hair)
|
|
歯
|
2 Tooth
|
黒髪
|
3 brunette
hair
|
|
前歯
|
3 front tooth
|
白髪
|
3 gray hair
|
|
奥歯
|
3 back tooth
|
髪型
|
3 hairstyle
|
|
乳歯
|
3 baby tooth
|
長髪
|
3 long hair
|
|
糸切り歯
|
3 canine
tooth
|
抜け毛
|
3 hair loss
|
|
八重歯
|
3 double
tooth
|
髭
|
3 beard
|
|
入れ歯
|
3 false tooth
|
胸毛
|
3 chest hair
|
|
義歯
|
3 artificial
tooth
|
恥毛
|
3 pubic hair
|
|
頬
|
2 Cheek
|
肩
|
2 Shoulder
|
|
ほっぺた
|
3 sweet cheek
|
撫で肩
|
3 sloping
shoulder
|
|
豊頬
|
3 plump cheek
|
怒り肩
|
3 square
shoulder
|
|
|
肩こり
|
3 stiff neck
|
|
肩叩き
|
3 shoulder
tap (put pressure on someone to resign)
|
人間 HUMAN (continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
胸
|
2 Chest
|
手足
|
2 Limb
|
|
胸元
|
3 bosom
|
背
|
2 Back
|
|
乳房
|
3 breast
|
背中
|
3 broad of
the back
|
|
乳首
|
3 nipple
|
腰
|
2 Lower
back
|
|
乳
|
3 milk
|
臀
|
3 loin
|
|
手
|
2 Hand
|
臀部
|
3 lumber
|
|
両手
|
3 both hands
|
尻
|
3 bottom
|
|
右手
|
3 right hand
|
ウエスト
|
3 waist
|
|
左手
|
3 left hand
|
ヒップ
|
3 hip
|
|
拳
|
3 fist
|
柳腰
|
3 stoop
|
|
掌
|
3 palm
|
足
|
2 Foot
|
|
手相
|
3 palm line
|
脚
|
3 leg
|
|
腕
|
3 arm
|
腿
|
3 thigh
|
|
二の腕
|
3 upper arm
|
股
|
3 groin
|
|
細腕
|
3 thin arm
|
脛
|
3 shin
|
|
肘
|
3 elbow
|
膝
|
3 knee
|
|
腋
|
3 armpit
|
膝小僧
|
3 kneecap
|
|
爪
|
2 Nail
|
足首
|
3 ankle
|
|
3深爪
|
3 pare nails
to the quick
|
足音
|
3 footstep
|
|
3生爪
|
3 finger nail
|
陰部
|
2 Pubic
region
|
|
3爪切り
|
3 nail
clipper
|
陰
|
3 pubis
|
|
3爪先
|
3 tiptoe
|
女陰
|
3 vagina
|
|
3爪痕
|
3 nail mark
|
男根
|
3 penis
|
|
指
|
2 Finger
|
ふぐり
|
3 testicle
|
|
3指きり
|
3 pinky
promise
|
|
|
3指折り
|
3 count on
one's fingers
|
|
3指紋
|
3 finger
print
|
|
|
人間 HUMAN (continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
内蔵
|
2 Internal
organs
|
糞尿
|
2 Excretory
substances
|
|
心臓
|
3 heart
|
排泄
|
3 elimination
|
|
肺
|
3 lung
|
脱糞
|
3
incontinence
|
|
肝臓
|
3 liver
|
小便
|
3 urine
|
|
五臓六腑
|
3 five solid
organs & six hollow organs
|
尿
|
3 pee
|
|
膀胱
|
3 vesica
|
尿[しと]
|
3 piss
|
|
胎内
|
3 womb
|
糞詰まり
|
3 constipation
|
|
骨
|
2 Bone
|
野糞
|
3 feces in a
field
|
|
頭蓋骨
|
3 skull
|
肥壺
|
3 manure pile
|
|
頭蓋
|
3 cranium
|
涙
|
2 Tear(s)
|
|
背骨
|
3 spine
|
泪
|
3 eye water
|
|
脊椎
|
3 vertebral
column
|
感涙
|
3 weep
|
|
尾骶骨
|
3 coccyx
|
落涙
|
3 tear drop
|
|
尾骨
|
3 tailbone
|
血涙
|
3 bitter
tears
|
|
鎖骨
|
3 collar bone
|
空涙
|
3 fake tears
|
|
骨片
|
3 bone
fragment
|
肌
|
2 Skin
|
|
血
|
2 Blood
|
皮膚
|
3 derma
|
|
血液
|
3 lifeblood
|
皺
|
3 wrinkle
|
|
血圧
|
3 blood
pressure
|
筋肉
|
3 muscle
|
|
血圧
|
3 low
pressure
|
細胞
|
3 cell
|
|
低血圧
|
3 high
pressure
|
恋
|
2 Love
|
|
高血圧
|
3 blood
vessel
|
恋人
|
3 lover
|
|
血管
|
3 artery
|
初恋
|
3 first love
|
|
動脈
|
3 vein
|
失恋
|
3 lost love
|
|
|
|
人間 HUMAN (continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
愛
|
2 Love
|
倖せ
|
3 Happiness for human
being(s)
|
|
恋愛
|
3 romance
|
不安
|
2 fear
|
|
純愛
|
3 Platonic
love
|
気懸かり
|
3 worry
|
|
相愛
|
3 mutual love
|
悲観
|
3 pessimism
|
|
求愛
|
3 courtship
|
疑い
|
3 uncertainty
|
|
博愛
|
3 caritas
|
猜疑心
|
3 suspicion
|
|
友愛
|
3 companionate
love
|
疑惑
|
3 doubt
|
|
愛語
|
3 word of
mercy
|
想像
|
2
Imagination
|
|
情事
|
2 Love
Affair
|
夢
|
2 Dream
|
|
不倫
|
3 adultery
|
夢路
|
3 path of
dream
|
|
貞操
|
3 chastity
|
夢見
|
3 have a
dream
|
|
心
|
2 Mind
|
正夢
|
3 prophetic
dream
|
|
心理
|
3 mentality
|
逆夢
|
3 opposite
dream
|
|
怒り
|
2 Anger
|
悪夢
|
3 nightmare
|
|
憤怒
|
3 rage
|
夢幻
|
3 illusion
|
|
忿懣
|
3 wrath
|
立つ
|
2 Stand
|
|
悲しい
|
2 Sadness
|
立ち上がる
|
3 stand up
|
|
悲嘆
|
3 lament
|
起つ
|
3 gain one's
feet
|
|
悲痛
|
3 agony
|
歩く
|
2 Walk
|
|
愁い
|
2 Grief
|
歩行
|
3 walking
|
|
憂い
|
3 anxiety
|
徒歩
|
3 on foot
|
|
気鬱
|
3 feel
depressed
|
徒歩
[かち]
|
3 trek
|
|
孤愁
|
3 lonesome
|
走る
|
2 Run
|
|
孤独
|
3 solitude
|
駆ける
|
3 rush
|
|
憂鬱
|
3 depression
|
疾走
|
3 scamper,
career
|
|
寂しい
|
2 Lonely,
Loneliness
|
疲れる
|
2 Tire
|
|
淋しい
|
3 solitary
|
疲れ
|
3
get tired
|
|
寂寞
|
3 desolate
|
疲労
|
3
tiredness / fatigue
|
|
寂寥
|
3 gaunt
|
眠る
|
2 Sleep
|
|
性
|
2 Sex
|
寝る
|
3 repose
|
|
性欲
|
3 lust
|
睡る
|
3 drowse
|
|
性感帯
|
3 erogenous
zone
|
就寝
|
3 go to bed
|
|
幸福
|
2 Happiness
|
臥す
|
3 lie down
|
|
幸せ
|
3 happy
|
|
|
至福
|
3 bliss
|
人間 HUMAN (continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
食う
|
2 Eat
|
肉親
|
2 Blood
Relation
|
|
食べる
|
3 meat
|
親
|
3 parent
|
|
喰らう
|
3 bite
|
親子
|
3
parent-child
|
|
酔う
|
2 Get Drunk
|
父母
|
3
father-mother
|
|
ほろ酔い
|
3 tipsy
|
父親
|
3 father
|
|
深酔い
|
3 get very
drunk
|
父
|
3 daddy
|
|
酩酊
|
3 inebriation
|
親父
|
3 old buddy
|
|
笑う
|
2 Laugh
|
父さん
|
3 papa
|
|
哄笑う
|
3 laugh
jeeringly
|
老父
|
3 old father
|
|
高笑い
|
3 guffaw
|
母親
|
2 Mother
|
|
笑む
|
3 grin
|
母
|
3 Mom
|
|
微笑
|
3 smile
|
おふくろ
|
3 old lady
|
|
嘲笑
|
3 laugh in
scorn
|
母さん
|
3 Mommy
|
|
泣く
|
2 Cry
|
老母
|
3 old mother
|
|
慟哭
|
3 wail
|
母性
|
3 motherhood
|
|
号泣
|
3 lament
aloud
|
子供
|
2 Child
|
|
すすり泣く
|
3 sob
|
子
|
3 kid
|
|
会う
|
2 Meet
|
嬰児
|
3 infant
|
|
3逢う
|
3 get
together
|
吾子
|
3 speaker's
baby
|
|
3再会
|
3 meet again
|
子離れ
|
3
independence from an attachment to one's child
|
|
3邂逅
|
3 cross paths
|
夫婦
|
2 Couple
|
|
別れる
|
2 Part
|
夫妻
|
3 husband and
wife
|
|
3離別
|
3
estrangement
|
夫
|
3 husband
|
|
3決別
|
3 break away
|
亡夫
|
3 deceased
husband
|
|
3永別
|
3 part
forever
|
妻
|
3 wife
|
|
働く
|
2 Work
|
家内
|
3 speaker's
wife
|
|
労働
|
3 labor
|
女房
|
3 ‘missus’
(informal)
|
|
勤労
|
3 service
|
亡妻
|
3 deceased
wife
|
|
苦役
|
3 toil
|
人妻
|
3 someone
else's wife
|
|
|
|
人間 HUMAN (continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
兄弟
|
2 Brothers
|
耳鳴り
|
3 ringing in
the ear
|
|
3姉妹
|
3 sisters
|
黒死病
|
3 Black Death
(plague)
|
|
3兄
|
3 elder
brother
|
痴呆
|
3 dementia
|
|
3弟
|
3 younger
brother
|
医療
|
2 Medical
|
|
3姉
|
3 elder
sister
|
医局
|
3 medical
office
|
|
3妹
|
3 younger
sister
|
神経科
|
3 neurologist
|
|
3義兄弟
|
3
brother-in-law
|
超音波
|
3 CT scan
(tomography)
|
|
3異母兄弟
|
3 half
brother
|
透視室
|
3 fluoroscopy
room
|
|
3嫁
|
3
daughter-in-law
|
心電図
|
3 cardiogram
|
|
3婿
|
3 son-in-law
|
置き薬
|
3 household
medicine
|
|
3叔母
|
3 aunt
|
胃腸薬
|
3 stomach
medicine
|
|
3叔父
|
3 uncle
|
劇薬
|
3 emergency
medicine
|
|
3甥
|
3 nephew
|
松葉杖
|
3 auxiliary
crutch
|
|
3姪
|
3 niece
|
睡眠薬
|
3 sleeping
medicine
|
|
友
|
2 Friend
|
精神安定剤
|
3
tranquilizer
|
|
3友人
|
3 best friend
|
薬
|
3 drug
|
|
3親友
|
3 old friend
|
注射器
|
3 injector
|
|
3旧友
|
3
acquaintance
|
繃帯
|
3 bandage
|
|
漂泊者
|
2 Drifter
|
眼帯
|
3 eye patch
|
|
ホームレス
|
3 street
people
|
義手
|
3 prosthetic
hand
|
|
病
|
2 Sickness
|
|
|
3病む
|
3 get sick
|
|
3病者
|
3 patient
|
|
3病人
|
3 sick person
|
|
3長患い
|
3 long
illness
|
|
3病名
|
3 name of
disease
|
|
癌
|
3 cancer
|
|
頭痛
|
3 headache
|
|
マラリア
|
3 malaria
|
生活 LIFE
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
生活
|
1 LIFE (Living)
|
ダンボール
|
2
Corrugated Paper (a Carton)
|
|
資本
|
2 Capital
|
リベット
|
2 Rivet
|
|
資本主義
|
3 capitalism
|
ロボット
|
2 Robot
|
|
王
|
2 King
|
造船
|
2
Shipbuilding
|
|
王政
|
3 monarchy
|
電気
|
2
Electricity
|
|
議会
|
2
Parliament
|
景気
|
2 Business (the
market)
|
|
議員
|
3 MP (member
of the Diet, an MC)
|
好況
|
2
Prosperity
|
|
組閣
|
3 The Cabinet
(formation of a cabinet)
|
不況
|
2
Depression
|
|
議事堂
|
3 Diet
|
貧乏
|
2 Poverty
|
|
判決
|
2 Judgment
|
貧困
|
2
Deprivation, Indigence
|
|
裁判
|
3 trial (Justice)
|
貧窮
|
2 Beggary,
Economic Poverty
|
|
裁判官
|
3 judge (the
court)
|
新聞
|
2 Newspaper
|
|
勲章
|
2 Decoration,
Honor, Medal, Insignia
|
朝刊
|
3 morning
paper
|
|
叙勲
|
3 conferment
of a decoration
|
夕刊
|
3 evening
paper
|
|
受勲
|
3 recipient
of a decoration
|
新聞紙
|
3 newspaper
|
|
税金
|
2 Tax
|
郵便
|
2 Mail
|
|
税務署
|
3 tax office
|
ポスト
|
3 mailbox
|
|
税務署員
|
3 tax
collector (tax-office clerk)
|
切手
|
3stamp
|
|
署名運動
|
2 Petition
campaign
|
葉書
|
3 postcard
|
|
反対署名
|
3 opposing
(petition) signature
|
絵葉書
|
3 picture
postcard
|
|
農業
|
2
Agriculture
|
エアメール
|
3 airmail
(variant)
|
|
漁業
|
3 fishing
|
航空便
|
3 airmail
(variant)
|
|
農婦
|
3 farmer (female)
|
電話
|
2 Telephone
|
|
農夫
|
3 farmer
(male) (peasant)
|
受話器
|
3 receiver
|
|
鋤
|
3 a spade
(plow, plough)
|
携帯電話
|
3 cellular
phone
|
|
鍬
|
3 a hoe
|
テレビ電話
|
3 video phone
|
|
遊牧
|
3 nomadism
|
電報
|
3 telegram
|
|
密漁
|
3 poaching
|
学校
|
2 School
|
|
工業
|
2 Industry
|
校歌
|
3 school song
|
|
ガラス
|
2 Glass
|
黒板
|
3 blackboard
|
|
紙
|
2 Paper
|
理科室
|
3 science
room
|
生活 LIFE
(continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
算術
|
3 arithmetic
|
隠語
|
3 cant (jargon,
secret language)
|
|
給食費
|
3 charge for
school lunch
|
文字
|
3 letter
(orthographic character)
|
|
生徒
|
3 student
|
手話
|
3 sign
language
|
|
卒業名簿
|
3 list of graduates
|
オノマトペ
|
3
onomatopoeia
|
|
廃校
|
3 closed
school
|
てにをは
|
3 te-ni-wo-ha
(grammatical post‑particles)
|
|
晩学
|
3 learning
late in life
|
新幹線
|
2 Shinkansen (bullet train)
|
|
2地図
|
2 Map
|
寝台車
|
2 Sleeper
|
|
日本地図
|
3 a Japanese
map
|
列車
|
3 train
|
|
世界地図
|
3 a world map
|
ブルートレイン
|
3 blue Train
|
|
地球儀
|
3 a globe
|
電車
|
2 Electric
train (tram)
|
|
月球儀
|
3 globe of
the moon
|
特急
|
3 special express
|
|
国家
|
2 A Nation
|
急行
|
3 express
|
|
国
|
3 a country
|
鈍行
|
3 slow train
(local train)
|
|
母国
|
3 mother
country (homeland)
|
機関車
|
2
Locomotive Engine
|
|
祖国
|
3 homeland, (native
country)
|
列車
|
3 train
|
|
皇国
|
3 empire
|
夜汽車
|
3 night train
|
|
鎖国
|
3 national
isolation (seclusion)
|
夜行列車
|
3 night train
|
|
国旗
|
2 National
Flag
|
貨車
|
2 Freight
car
|
|
日の丸
|
3 rising-sun
flag (flag of Japan)
|
貨物列車
|
3 freight
train
|
|
日章旗
|
3 flag of the
Rising Sun
|
炭車
|
3 coal car
|
|
旗
|
3 flag
|
鉄道
|
2 Railroad
|
|
弔旗
|
3 flag draped
in black (at half-mast)
|
地下鉄
|
3 subway
|
|
国家
|
2 State
|
鉄道馬車
|
3 horse‑drawn
streetcar
|
|
愛国
|
2 Patriotism
|
バス
|
2 Bus
|
|
愛国者
|
3 a patriot
|
長距離バス
|
3 long‑distance
bus
|
|
忠君愛国
|
3 loyalty and
patriotism
|
夜行バス
|
3 overnight
bus (night bus)
|
|
難民
|
3 refugee,
displaced person
|
高速バス
|
3 express bus
|
|
3越境
|
3 border
transgression
|
自動車
|
2 Car
|
|
民族
|
2 Race (ethnic
group, a people)
|
車
|
3 car
(wheeled vehicle)
|
|
人種
|
3 race,
species
|
ジープ
|
3 jeep
|
|
日本語
|
2 Japanese
(language)
|
助手席
|
3 Passenger
seat
|
|
母語
|
3 Mother
tongue
|
自転車
|
2 Bicycle
|
|
言葉
|
2 Language
(words)
|
マウンテンバイク
|
3 mountain
bike
|
|
言霊
|
3 spirit of
language (the spirit which is present in words; the miraculous power of
language)
|
ママチャリ
|
3 Shopping
bike
|
生活 LIFE
(continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
飛行機
|
2 Airplane
|
教師
|
2 Teacher
|
|
航空機
|
3 aircraft
|
家庭教師
|
3 tutor
|
|
ヘリコプター
|
3 helicopter
|
勤労者
|
2 Working
Person (wage earner)
|
|
プロペラ機
|
3 propeller
plane
|
サラリーマン
|
3 office
worker (white-collar worker, salary worker)
|
|
ジェット機
|
3 jet plane
|
郵便夫
|
3 postman
|
|
ジャンボ機
|
3 jumbo jet
|
女給
|
3 waitress
|
|
船
|
2 A ship
|
ホステス
|
3 hostess
|
|
船舶
|
3 a vessel
(ship)
|
看護婦
|
3 nurse
|
|
定期船
|
3 ocean liner
|
通訳
|
3 interpreter
|
|
小船
|
3 a small
(light) boat
|
記者
|
3 reporter
|
|
作業船
|
3 A work
barge, workboat
|
詩人
|
2 Poet
|
|
灯
|
3 flasher
(light)
|
俳人
|
3 haiku poet
|
|
2切符
|
2 A ticket
|
歌人
|
3 poet, bard
|
|
定期券
|
3 commuter
pass
|
刺客
|
2 Assassin
|
|
回数券
|
3 a coupon
tickets
|
ストライキ
|
3 a strike
|
|
仕事
|
2 Work
|
スト
|
3 a strike
|
|
職
|
3 a job
|
デモ
|
3 a
demonstration
|
|
稼業
|
3 business
(occupation, work, job)
|
賃金
|
2 Wages
|
|
本職
|
3 occupation
(profession)
|
給料
|
3 salary
|
|
副業
|
3 a sideline
(side business)
|
月給
|
3 monthly
salary
|
|
転職
|
 3 job-change (change of occupation)
|
日給
|
3 daily wages
|
|
天職
|
3 (a) vocation
|
失業
|
2 Unemployment
|
|
職人
|
2 A Craftsperson
|
失職
|
3 unemployment
|
|
工員
|
3 a factory
worker
|
リストラ
|
3
restructuring (dismissal)
|
|
火夫
|
3 fireman
|
肩たたき
|
3 ‘shoulder-tapping;’
being urged to retire
|
|
修理工
|
3 repairman
|
窓際族
|
3 deadwood; skilled
employees relegated to meaningless jobs
|
|
女工
|
3 a factory woman
|
衣装
|
2 Clothes
|
|
水夫
|
3 a sailor
(seaman)
|
晴れ着
|
3 best
clothes (Sunday best)
|
|
靴屋
|
3 a shoe
store
|
盛装
|
3 gala dress
|
|
陶工
|
3 a potter
(ceramist)
|
正装
|
3 a full
dress
|
|
ペンキ屋
|
3 a house painter
|
和装
|
3 Japanese
clothing (kimono)
|
|
剥製屋
|
3 taxidermists
|
洋装
|
3 Western
clothing
|
|
石屋
|
3 stone
dealer
|
ドレス
|
3 a dress
|
|
荷役
|
3
longshoreman
|
僧衣
|
3 monk's robe
|
|
行商
|
3 peddler
|
迷彩服
|
3 camouflage
clothes
|
|
|
マント
|
3 cloak,
mantle
|
生活 LIFE
(continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
下着
|
2
Undergarments, Underwear
|
米
|
2 Rice
|
|
襦袢
|
3
undergarment (of kimono)
|
白米
|
3 polished
rice
|
|
おしめ
|
3 diaper
|
米糠
|
3 rice bran
|
|
褌
|
3 loincloth
|
異国米
|
3 nonnative
rice (exotic)
|
|
3犢鼻褌
|
3 loincloth
|
外来米
|
3 nonnative
rice (exotic)
|
|
襟
|
2 Collar
|
パン
|
2 Bread
|
|
ベルト
|
3 belt
|
フランスパン
|
3 baguette
|
|
ポケット
|
2 Pocket
|
食パン
|
3 sandwich
loaf (bread)
|
|
帯
|
2 Band
|
焼き物
|
2 Grilled
Fish
|
|
ベルト
|
3 belt
|
煮物
|
3 cooked dish
(simmered dishes)
|
|
ネクタイ
|
2 Necktie
|
サラダ
|
3 salad
|
|
帽子
|
2 Hat
|
肉じゃが
|
3 meat (beef)
stew
|
|
ベレー帽
|
3 beret
|
味噌汁
|
3 miso soup
|
|
靴
|
2 Shoes
|
漬物
|
3 pickle
|
|
運動靴
|
3 sneakers
(athletic shoes)
|
肉
|
2 meat
|
|
下駄
|
3 wooden
clogs
|
牛肉
|
3 beef
|
|
宝石
|
2 Gem(s)
|
豚肉
|
3 pork
|
|
ネックレス
|
3 necklace
|
鶏肉
|
3 chicken
|
|
ペンダント
|
3 pendant
|
卵
|
2 Eggs
|
|
真珠
|
3 pearl
|
豆腐
|
2 Tofu
(bean curd)
|
|
誕生石
|
3 birthstone
|
豆乳
|
3 soymilk
|
|
化粧品
|
2 Cosmetics
|
おから
|
3 tofu lees
|
|
口紅
|
3 lipstick
|
うのはな
|
3 Deutzia flowers
|
|
マニキュア
|
3 manicure
|
野菜
|
2
Vegetables
|
|
化粧紙
|
3 face-powder
tissue
|
青物
|
3 green
vegetable
|
|
オーデコロン
|
3 cologne
|
菜っ葉
|
3 greens
|
|
ヘアピン
|
3 hairpin
|
クレソン
|
3 watercress
|
|
飯
|
2 Meal
|
菓子
|
2 Sweets
|
|
ご飯
|
3rice
|
和菓子
|
3 Japanese
confectionery
|
|
米粒
|
3 rice grain
|
洋菓子
|
3 Western
confectionery
|
|
粥
|
3 gruel
|
甘味
|
3 a sweet
(sweet taste)
|
|
弁当
|
3 packed
lunch
|
飴
|
3 candy
|
|
昼餉
|
3 lunch
|
綿菓子
|
3 cotton
candy
|
|
鯨飯
|
3 rice with
whale
|
餅
|
3 rice cake
|
|
スパゲティ
|
3 spaghetti
|
黄な粉
|
3 ground
soybeans
|
|
|
鯛焼
|
3 fish-shaped
pancake stuffed with beans
|
生活 LIFE
(continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
コーヒーゼリー
|
3 coffee jello
|
機械
|
2 Machinery
|
|
マロングラッセ
|
3 marron glacé
|
重機
|
3 heavy
machinery
|
|
ケーキ
|
3 cake
|
起重機
|
3 crane
(jack)
|
|
果物
|
2 Fruit
|
クレーン
|
3 crane
|
|
果実
|
3 plum
|
ショベルカー
|
3 excavator
|
|
フルーツ
|
3 fruits
|
機械油
|
3 machine oil
|
|
グレープフルーツ
|
3 grapefruit
|
電柱
|
2 Telephone
pole(s)
|
|
飲み物
|
2 Drink
|
電信柱
|
3 power pole
|
|
お茶
|
3 tea
|
送電線
|
3 power lines
|
|
コーヒー
|
3 coffee
|
ドラム缶
|
2 Drum
|
|
紅茶
|
3 black tea
|
洗濯機
|
2 Washing
Machine
|
|
コーラ
|
3 coke
|
掃除機
|
3 vacuum
|
|
ミルク
|
3 milk
|
電子レンジ
|
3 microwave
|
|
青汁
|
3green juice
|
電卓
|
2
Calculator
|
|
ジュース
|
3 juice
|
複写機
|
2 Copy
Machine
|
|
調味料
|
3 Seasoning
|
コピー
|
3 copy
|
|
塩
|
3 salt
|
車椅子
|
2
Wheelchair
|
|
砂糖
|
3 sugar
|
鍵
|
2 Key
|
|
醤油
|
3 soy sauce
|
剃刀
|
2 Razor
|
|
味噌
|
3 bean paste
|
ナイフ
|
3 knife
|
|
ソース
|
3 sauce
|
大工道具
|
2
Carpenter’s Tools
|
|
香辛料
|
3 spice
|
釘
|
3 nail
|
|
胡椒
|
3 pepper
|
金槌
|
3 hammer
|
|
煙草
|
2
Cigarettes
|
錐
|
3 drill
|
|
紙巻
|
3 cigarette
tobacco
|
銛
|
3 harpoon
|
|
葉巻
|
3 cigar
|
鉋
|
3 plane
|
|
紫煙
|
3 tobacco
smoke
|
紐
|
2 String,
Thread (lace, cord)
|
|
禁煙
|
3 no smoking,
abstinence
|
輪ゴム
|
3 rubber band
|
|
酒
|
2 Alcoholic
Beverage
|
藁
|
3 straw
|
|
日本酒
|
3 sake (rice
wine)
|
荒縄
|
3 straw rope
|
|
焼酎
|
3 shochu (Kyushu sweet-potato-based alcohol)
|
軍手
|
2 cotton work
gloves
|
|
ウイスキー
|
3 whisky
|
針
|
2 Needle
|
|
葡萄酒
|
3 grape wine
|
糸
|
3 yarn,
string (textile thread)
|
|
ワイン
|
3 wine
|
糸巻
|
3 spool,
bobbin
|
|
地酒
|
3 locally‑produced
alcohol
|
|
|
|
水割り
|
3 whiskey
with water
|
|
|
生活 LIFE
(continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
風呂敷
|
2 Cloth
Wrapper
|
タオル
|
2 Towel
|
|
筆記用具
|
2 Writing
Utensils
|
シーツ
|
3 bed sheet
|
|
万年筆
|
3fountain pen
|
手拭い
|
3 towel
|
|
ペン
|
3 pen
|
ハンカチ
|
3
handkerchief
|
|
鉛筆
|
3 pencil
|
傘
|
2 Umbrella
|
|
青鉛筆
|
3 blue pencil
|
蝙蝠傘
|
3 umbrella (trad.)
|
|
絵具
|
3 paint
|
洋傘
|
3 umbrella
(Western style)
|
|
眼鏡
|
2 Glasses
|
傘立て
|
3 an umbrella
stand
|
|
老眼鏡
|
3 reading
glasses
|
合羽
|
3 a
poncho (rain jacket)
|
|
日記
|
2 Diary
|
雨合羽
|
3 a rain cape
|
|
鍋
|
2 Pot
|
レインコート
|
3 raincoat
|
|
釜
|
3 hot-water
kettle
|
時計
|
2 Clock
|
|
フライパン
|
3 fry pan
|
時計台
|
3 clock tower
|
|
俎板
|
2 Chopping
Board
|
砂時計
|
3 hourglass
|
|
食器
|
2 Dish
|
柱時計
|
3 wall clock
|
|
茶碗
|
3 rice bowl
/teacup
|
腕時計
|
3 watch
|
|
皿
|
3 plate
|
鳩時計
|
3 cuckoo
clock
|
|
器
|
3 serving
dish
|
柱時計
|
3 wall clock
|
|
弁当
|
3 packed
lunch
|
目覚し時計
|
3 alarm clock
|
|
箱
|
3 box
|
体温計
|
2 medical
thermometer
|
|
グラス
|
3 glass
|
体重計
|
3 scale
|
|
コップ
|
3 cup
|
握力計
|
3 hand‑grip
dynamometer
|
|
箸
|
3 chopsticks
|
電球
|
2 Light
Bulb
|
|
匙
|
3 spoon
|
裸電球
|
3 bare light
bulb
|
|
水筒
|
3 thermos
bottle
|
蛍光灯
|
3 fluorescent
light
|
|
哺乳瓶
|
3 baby bottle
|
マッチ
|
2 Match
|
|
缶
|
2 Can
|
ライター
|
3 lighter
|
|
七輪
|
2 Charcoal
Stove (small, portable)
|
蝋燭
|
2 Candle
|
|
餌皿
|
3 bait tray (a feeder)
|
和蝋燭
|
3
Japanese-style candle
|
|
バケツ
|
2 Bucket
|
絵蝋燭
|
3 Picture
candle
|
|
ポリバケツ
|
3 a plastic bucket
|
ローソク
|
3 candle
|
|
雑巾
|
3 rag
|
キャンドル
|
3 candle
|
|
枕
|
2 Pillow
|
ランプ
|
2 Lamp
|
|
氷枕
|
3 ice pillow (pillow filled with ice)
|
ランタン
|
3 lantern
|
|
水枕
|
3 water pillow
|
|
生活 LIFE
(continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
ランプ
|
2 Lamp
|
家具
|
2 Furniture
|
|
ランタン
|
3 lantern
|
机
|
2 Desk
|
|
家
|
2 House
|
椅子
|
3 chair
|
|
実家
|
3 family home (of parents’)
|
小机
|
2 Small
Desk
|
|
我が家
|
3 one’s home
|
文机
|
3 a writing desk
|
|
玄関
|
2 Entrance
|
ベッド
|
2 Bed
|
|
戸口
|
3 doorway
|
寝台
|
3 berth (bed)
|
|
ドア
|
3 door
|
箪笥
|
2 drawer (wardrobe)
|
|
自動ドア
|
3 automatic door
|
抽斗
|
3 drawer case
|
|
窓
|
2 Window
|
鏡
|
2 Mirror
|
|
畳
|
2 Tatami
|
姿見
|
3 full-length mirror
|
|
台所
|
2 Kitchen
|
大鏡
|
3 large mirror
|
|
蛇口
|
3 top
|
吊り鏡
|
3 suspended (wall) mirror
|
|
キッチン
|
3 kitchen
|
風呂
|
2 Bath
|
|
階段
|
2 Stairs
|
湯船
|
3 bathtub (trad.)
|
|
螺旋階段
|
3 circular stair
|
バスルーム
|
3 bathroom
|
|
階
|
3 floor (storey, level)
|
バスタブ
|
3 bathtub
|
|
柱
|
2 Pillar
|
シャワー
|
3 shower
|
|
壁
|
3 wall
|
便所
|
2 Toilet (bathroom)
|
|
部屋
|
2 Room
|
厠
|
3 toilet
|
|
閨
|
3 a conjugal bed
|
都市
|
2 City
|
|
暗室
|
3 dark room (photo)
|
都会
|
3 urban
|
|
塀
|
2 Wall
|
街
|
3 town
|
|
庭
|
3 garden
|
街角
|
3 blind corner (street corner)
|
|
生垣
|
3 hedge
|
町
|
3 town
|
|
屋根
|
2 Roof
|
村
|
3 village
|
|
屋上
|
3 rooftop
|
田舎
|
3 countryside
|
|
二階
|
2 Second Floor
|
故郷
|
3 hometown
|
|
エレベータ
|
2 Elevator
|
地下街
|
3 underground shopping center
|
|
昇降機
|
3 elevator machine
|
古書街
|
3 street of secondhand bookstores
|
|
エスカレーター
|
3 escalator
|
スラム
|
3 slum
|
|
ビル
|
2 Multistoried Building
|
銀行
|
2 Bank
|
|
塔
|
3 tower
|
病院
|
2 Hospital
|
|
ビル街
|
3 street of office buildings
|
医院
|
3 doctor's office
|
|
高層ビル
|
3 tall building
|
診療所
|
3 clinic
|
|
ビル風
|
3 a wind blowing amidst tall buildings
|
療養所
|
3 sanatorium
|
生活 LIFE
(continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
図書館
|
2 Library
|
火
|
2 Fire
|
|
美術館
|
2 Museum
|
炎
|
3 flame
|
|
水族館
|
3 aquarium
|
火の粉
|
3 fire spark
|
|
天文台
|
3 observatory
|
煙
|
2 Smoke
|
|
コロセウム
|
3 coliseum
|
白煙
|
3 white smoke
|
|
公民館
|
3 community
center
|
黒煙
|
3 black smoke
|
|
駅
|
2 Station
|
水
|
2 Water
|
|
貨物駅
|
3 freight
depot
|
真水
|
3 fresh water
|
|
踏み切り
|
3 a crossing
|
淡水
|
3 freshwater
|
|
遮断機
|
3 crossing
gate
|
塩水
|
3 salted
water
|
|
枕木
|
3 a railroad
tie (crosstie)
|
海水
|
3 seawater
|
|
空港
|
2 Airport
|
空気
|
2 Air
|
|
飛行場
|
3 airport
(flying field)
|
鉄
|
2 Iron
|
|
港
|
2 Seaport
|
金属
|
3 metal
|
|
波止場
|
3 wharf
|
鉱石
|
3 ore
|
|
灯台
|
3 a
lighthouse
|
溶鋼
|
3 molten
steel
|
|
漁港
|
3 fishing
port
|
ガソリン
|
2 Gas
|
|
魚市場
|
3 fish market
|
プルトニウム
|
2 Plutonium
|
|
橋
|
2 Bridge
|
塩素
|
2 Chlorine
|
|
鉄橋
|
3 iron bridge
|
|
|
陸橋
|
2 Land
bridge
|
|
道
|
3 Path
(road, way)
|
|
道路
|
3 main road
(main drag)
|
|
坂道
|
3 sloping
road
|
|
林道
|
3 forest road
|
|
石段
|
3 stone steps
|
|
路地
|
3 alley
|
|
公園
|
2 Park
|
|
広場
|
3 square
|
|
空き地
|
3 open space
(empty lot)
|
|
工場
|
2 Factory
|
|
倉庫
|
3 warehouse
|
|
煙突
|
3 smokestack
(chimney)
|
|
住所
|
2 Address
|
|
居所
|
3 temporary
residence (whereabouts)
|
|
居場所
|
3 whereabouts
|
文化 CULTURE
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
文化
|
1 CULTURE
|
植物図鑑
|
3 pictorial
book of plants
|
|
アカデミア
|
2 Academia
|
動物図鑑
|
3 pictorial
book of animals
|
|
概念
|
3 concept
|
昆虫図鑑
|
3 pictorial
book of insects
|
|
美学
|
3 aesthetics
|
焚書
|
2 Book Burning
|
|
数学
|
3 mathematics
|
絵画
|
2 Painting,
Pictorial Art
|
|
零
|
3 nought / zero
|
絵
|
3 painting
|
|
考古学
|
3 archaeology
|
画家
|
3 artist /
painter
|
|
貝塚
|
3 kitchen midden / shell mounds
|
図絵
|
3 drawing /
graphic
|
|
三角縁神獣鏡
|
3 triangle-edged
bronze mirror designed of gods and beasts / ancient Japanese mirror
|
日本画
|
3
Japanese-style painting
|
|
自我
|
3 ego / self
|
洋画
|
3 Western
painting / oil painting
|
|
実在
|
3 actual
being / existence
|
フレスコ画
|
3 fresco
painting
|
|
人生論
|
3 theory of
life
|
自画像
|
3
self-portrait
|
|
講義
|
2 Lecture
|
焼き物
|
2 Ceramics,
Pottery
|
|
講義録
|
3 transcript
of a lecture
|
壺
|
3 pot / crock
|
|
詩
|
2 Poem,
Poesy, Poetry
|
写真
|
2 Photograph,
Picture
|
|
現代詩
|
3
contemporary poetry / modern poetry
|
フィルム
|
3 film
|
|
詩集
|
3 collection
of poems / anthology
|
白
|
2 White
|
|
俳句
|
2 Haiku
|
黒
|
3 black
|
|
俳諧
|
3 haikai
|
色
|
2 Color
|
|
歳時記
|
3 saijiki: a glossary of seasonal words
/ literary calendar
|
黄
|
3 yellow
|
|
季語
|
3 kigo: seasonal words
|
青
|
3 blue
|
|
医学書
|
2 Medical
Book
|
赤
|
3 red
|
|
医書
|
3 medical
book
|
薄緑
|
3 light green
|
|
本
|
2 Book
|
緑
|
3 green
|
|
書籍
|
3 book /
publication
|
水色
|
3 light blue
|
|
文庫本
|
3 paperback
book / pocketbook
|
紺碧
|
3 deep blue /
cerulean
|
|
絵本
|
2
Illustrated Book, Picture Book
|
耳朶色
|
3 color of an
earlobe
|
|
図鑑
|
2
Illustrated Reference Book, Pictorial Book
|
|
|
|
文化CULTURE (continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
音楽
|
2 Music
|
戦争
|
2 War
|
|
黒人霊歌
|
3 Afro‑American
spiritual
|
戦
|
3 battle
|
|
じょんがら節
|
3 music,
tunes of Jongara / folk songs of northern Japan; rythmical
drinking songs
|
戦場
|
2
Battlefield
|
|
夜想曲
|
3 nocturne
|
戦地
|
3 the front /
a hot spot
|
|
手毬歌
|
3 thread ball
song / play‑song of traditional handball game
|
戦火
|
3 fires occurred
by war
|
|
小夜曲
|
3 serenade
|
空襲
|
2 Aerial
Attack
|
|
音符
|
2 Musical
Note, Musical Notation
|
空爆
|
3 aerial
bombing
|
|
音階
|
3 musical
scale
|
出兵
|
2 Dispatching
Troops
|
|
旋律
|
3 melody / air
/ aria
|
傷兵
|
2 Injured
Soldier
|
|
長調
|
3 major key
|
傷病兵
|
3 disabled
soldier / sick and wounded soldiers
|
|
短調
|
3 minor key
|
戦傷
|
3 war injury
/ wounded in action
|
|
音楽会
|
2
Concert, Musical Entertainment
|
戦死
|
2 Death
Under Fire, War Dead, Fallen Soldier
|
|
楽団
|
3 music band
/ orchestra
|
英霊
|
3 spirits of
the war dead
|
|
楽隊
|
3 band /
marching band
|
遺影
|
3 photograph
of the deceased
|
|
オーケストラ
|
3 orchestra
|
銃後
|
2 Home
Front
|
|
楽器
|
2
Instrument
|
千人針
|
3
thousand-stitch belt (a good-luck charm, during wartime)
|
|
ピアノ
|
3 piano
|
戦後
|
2 Postwar
Era
|
|
オルガン
|
3 organ
|
終戦
|
3 end of war
|
|
オーボエ
|
3 oboe
|
停戦
|
3 a
cease-fire
|
|
オルゴール
|
3 music box
|
軍旗
|
2 The Colors,
Battle Flag, Banner, Ensign
|
|
ギター
|
3 guitar
|
軍艦旗
|
3 battleship flag
/ naval ensign
|
|
ハープ
|
3 harp
|
戦捷の旗
|
3 victorious
flag
|
|
チェロ
|
3 cello
|
基地
|
2 Base
|
|
ピッコロ
|
3 piccolo
|
軍事基地
|
3 military
base
|
|
ハープシコード
|
3 harpsichord
|
兵
|
2 Soldiers,
Troops
|
|
フリュート
|
3 flute
|
兵隊
|
3 soldiers / troops
/ army
|
|
篳篥
|
3 hichiriki
(used in traditional gagaku
court music)
|
兵士
|
3 a soldier /
fighting men
|
|
口笛
|
2 Whistle
|
ゲリラ兵
|
3
guerrilla(s)
|
|
狂言
|
2 Kyogen Play, Comic Drama
|
|
|
猿回し
|
3 monkey
showman
|
|
紙芝居
|
3
picture-card show
|
|
落語
|
3 rakugo / comic monologue
|
文化CULTURE (continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
原子爆弾
|
2 Atomic Bomb
|
信仰
|
2 Belief,
Faith, Religion
|
|
原爆
|
3 atomic bomb
|
祈り
|
3 prayer /
invocation / orison
|
|
原子雲
|
3 mushroom
cloud
|
教団
|
3 order /
religious community
|
|
爆心地
|
3 epicenter
of Hiroshima/Nagasaki atomic bomb blasts / blast center
|
巨石信仰
|
3 megalithic
religion
|
|
平和像
|
3 Peace Memorial
statue
|
念仏
|
3 Buddhist
invocation / invocation of Amida (Amitabha Buddha)
|
|
原爆ドーム
|
3 The Atomic
Bomb Memorial Dome
|
御詠歌
|
3 poems
composed by the emperor of Japan
|
|
軍艦
|
2 Warship,
Military Ship
|
仏
|
2 Buddha, Spiritually
Enlightened Person
|
|
戦艦
|
battleship
|
仏教
|
3 Buddhism
|
|
空母
|
aircraft
carrier / flat top
|
釈迦
|
3 Shakyamuni / Siddhartha Gautama / the historical Buddha
|
|
軍用機
|
2 Combat Aircraft,
Military Aircraft
|
釈尊
|
3 honorific
title of Shakyamuni
|
|
戦闘機
|
3 battle
plane / fighter / fighter aircraft
|
菩薩
|
3 Bodhisattva;
one destined to become a Buddha
|
|
編隊機
|
3 formation
aircraft
|
無量光仏
|
3 another name
of Amida
|
|
落下傘
|
3 parachute
|
経典
|
2 Buddhist
Scriptures, Buddhist Sutra
|
|
銃
|
2 Gun
|
法華経
|
3 hoke sutra;
important scripture of Mahayana Buddhism
|
|
銃口
|
3 gunpoint /
mouth of a gun / muzzle
|
般若心経
|
3 Heart Sutra
|
|
弾丸
|
3 bullet
|
僧
|
2 Monk
|
|
弾道
|
3 trajectory
/ ballistic trajectory
|
僧侶
|
3 monk /
bonze / Buddhist priest
|
|
不発弾
|
3 unexploded
shell (bomb) / dud
|
僧団
|
3 Buddhist
priest / bonze
|
|
軍歌
|
2 Military
Song, Martial Song
|
和尚
|
3 bonze
|
|
軍刀
|
2 Saber,
Military Sword
|
住職
|
3 resident
priest
|
|
軍靴
|
2
Ammunition Boots
|
キリスト
|
2 Christ
|
|
軍足
|
3 army socks
|
神父
|
3 Father /
priest
|
|
平和
|
2 Peace
|
牧師
|
3 clergyman /
ministry
|
|
平和論者
|
3
advocate of peace / pacifist
|
復活
|
3
Resurrection
|
|
神
|
2 God
|
耶蘇村
|
3 Christian
village
|
|
地神
|
3 god of land
/ gods of local areas / local god
|
仏像
|
2 Buddhist
Image / Buddhist Statue
|
|
産土神
|
3 god of birthplace
|
地蔵
|
3 stone image
of guardian deity / Ksitigarbha
|
|
氏神
|
3 god of
ancestry
|
野仏
|
3 Buddhist
image in a field
|
|
守護神
|
3 guardian
god / tutelary god (deity)
|
観音
|
3 Avalokitesvara / deity of mercy
|
|
預言者
|
3 prophet
|
風神
|
3 god of the
wind
|
文化CULTURE (continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
仏壇
|
2 Buddhist Altar,
Family Altar
|
旅
|
2 Journey,
Trip, Travel
|
|
黄泉
|
2 Land of
the Dead
|
一人旅
|
3 traveling
alone / solitary travel
|
|
補陀落
|
3 the
mountain where Kannon lives, in the Southern Sea
|
長旅
|
3 long
journey
|
|
地獄
|
3 Hell
|
気まま旅
|
3 indulgent
journey / easy trip
|
|
悪魔
|
3 demon /
devil
|
旅人
|
3 traveler
|
|
ミイラ
|
2 Mummy
|
旅寝
|
3 sleep
during travel
|
|
断食
|
3 fasting
|
旅愁
|
3 melancholy
felt while on a journey
|
|
命
|
2 Life
|
スポーツ
|
2 Sport
|
|
魂
|
3 soul /
spirit
|
体操
|
3 exercise / gymnastics
|
|
悪霊
|
2 Evil
Spirit, Cacodemon, Demon
|
鉄棒
|
3 chin up bar
/ exercise bar
|
|
死霊
|
3 spirit of someone
dead / departed soul
|
テニス
|
3 tennis
|
|
死神
|
3 god of
death / Grim Reaper
|
水泳
|
3 swimming / bathing
|
|
遊び
|
2 Games / Game‑playing
|
マラソン
|
3 marathon
|
|
遊戯
|
3 game play
|
野球
|
3 baseball
|
|
隠れんぼ
|
3
hide-and-seek
|
グライダー
|
3 glider
|
|
パチンコ
|
2 Pachinko
|
|
|
観覧車
|
3 Ferris
wheel
|
|
スワンボート
|
3 swan boat
|
|
玩具
|
2 Toy(s)
|
|
遊具
|
3 play
equipment
|
|
人形
|
3 doll(s)
|
|
積木
|
3 blocks /
building block / bricks
|
|
竹とんぼ
|
3 Japanese
traditional bamboo toy / bamboo dragonfly
|
|
木馬
|
3 wooden horse
/ rocking horse
|
|
滑り台
|
3 slide
|
|
ジャングルジム
|
3 jungle gym
|
|
面
|
3 mask
|
|
折り紙
|
3 origami
|
|
縄電車
|
3 rope train
|
動植物 ANIMALS and PLANTS
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
動植物
|
1 ANIMALS and PLANTS
|
縞馬
|
2 Zebra
|
|
犬
|
2 Dog
|
麒麟
|
2 Giraffe
|
|
飼犬
|
3 pet dog
|
河馬
|
2 Hippopotamus
|
|
野良犬
|
3 stray dog /
ownerless dog
|
虎
|
2 Tiger
|
|
番犬
|
3 watchdog
|
小獣
|
2 Small Animals
|
|
盲導犬
|
3 guide dog /
Seeing Eye dog
|
鼠
|
3 rat / mouse
|
|
介助犬
|
3 service dog
|
山猫
|
3 wildcat /
lynx
|
|
聴導犬
|
3 hearing-ear
dog
|
猿
|
3 monkey
|
|
猫
|
2 Cat
|
鳥獣
|
2 Birds and
Beasts
|
|
飼猫
|
3 pet cat /
house cat
|
鳥
|
3 Bird
|
|
野良猫
|
3 homeless
cat / alley cat
|
鶏
|
2 Chicken,
Domestic Fowl
|
|
黒猫
|
3 black cat
|
レグホン
|
3 Leghorn chicken
|
|
三毛猫
|
3 tortoiseshell
cat / Japanese Bobtail
|
家禽
|
2 Domestic Fowl,
Poultry
|
|
牛
|
2 Cattle
|
家鴨
|
3 duck
|
|
乳牛
|
3 milk cow /
dairy cattle
|
オウム
|
3 parrot
|
|
肉牛
|
3 beef cattle
|
カナリア
|
3 canary
|
|
馬
|
2 Horse
|
九官鳥
|
3 hill mynah
|
|
駒
|
3 horse
|
雀
|
2 Sparrow
|
|
駿馬
|
3 fast horse
/ fleet steed
|
鳩
|
2 Pigeon, Dove
|
|
名馬
|
3 fine horse
/ excellent horse
|
鴉
|
2 Crow, Raven
|
|
駄馬
|
3 pack horse
/ nag
|
鳶
|
2 Kite
|
|
輓馬
|
3 pack
horse / dray horse
|
鳶
|
3 kite
|
|
野馬
|
3 pastured
horse
|
2 野鳥
|
2 Wild Bird
|
|
家畜
|
2 Barn Animals,
Livestock
|
3
朱鷺
|
3 red heron
|
|
羊
|
3 sheep
|
海鳥
|
3 water fowl
|
|
豚
|
3 pig / hog
|
孔雀
|
3 peacock
|
|
驢馬
|
3 ass /
donkey
|
駝鳥
|
3 ostrich
|
|
駱駝
|
3 camel
|
2 魚
|
2 Fish
|
|
犀
|
2 Rhinoceros
|
回遊魚
|
migratory
fish
|
|
象
|
2 Elephant
|
深海魚
|
deep-sea fish
|
|
巨象
|
3 huge
elephant
|
2 鯉
|
2 Carp
|
|
|
2 鯛
|
2 Sea Bream,
Porgy
|
|
2 亀
|
2 Tortoise,
Turtle
|
動植物 ANIMALS and PLANTS
(continued)
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
JP.
|
ENGLISH
|
|
貝
|
2 Shellfish
|
ねずみもち
|
3 Japanese
privet
|
|
巻貝
|
3spiral shell
/ snail shell
|
榊蔓
|
3 vines of
camellia
|
|
二枚貝
|
3 bivalve
|
果実
|
2 Fruits
|
|
エスカルゴ
|
3 escargot /
edible snail
|
オレンジ
|
3 orange
|
|
バクテリア
|
2 Bacteria
|
苔
|
2 Moss
|
|
恐竜
|
2 Dinosaur
|
昆布
|
2 Tangle
weed, Kelp
|
|
鰓呼吸
|
2 Gill-breathing
|
鬼
|
2 Ogre,
Goblin, Demon
|
|
樹木
|
2 Trees
|
河童
|
3 kappa /
water (river) sprite
|
|
木
|
3 tree
|
のっぺらぼう
|
2 Goblin
with a Blank, Featureless Face
|
|
生木
|
3 living tree
|
|
|
|
切株
|
3 stump
|
|
|
|
流木
|
2 Driftwood
|
|
|
|
草
|
2 Grass
|
|
|
|
花
|
2 Flower, Blossom,
Bloom
|
|
|
|
花束
|
3 bunch of
flowers / bouquet
|
|
|
|
花時計
|
3 flower
clock
|
|
|
|
花粉
|
3 pollen
|
|
|
|
2 葉
|
2 Leaf, Foliage,
Blade of Grass
|
|
|
|
葉っぱ
|
3 leaf
|
|
|
|
葉脈
|
3 the veins
of a leaf
|
|
|
|
隠花植物
|
2
Flowerless Plant (cryptogammic)
|
|
|
|
根
|
2 Root
|
|
|
|
根っこ
|
3 root
|
|
|
|
杉
|
2 Japanese
cedar, Cryptomeria
|
|
|
|
糸杉
|
3 cypress
tree
|
|
|
|
ヒマラヤ杉
|
3 Himalayan
cedar / deodar
|
|
|
|
エルム
|
2
Elm
|
|
|
|
